Fabrication of Fully Dense UHTC by Combining SHS and SPS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18321/ectj149Abstract
The combination of the Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) technique and the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) technology is adopted in this work for the fabrication of fully dense MB2-SiC and MB2-MC-SiC (M = Zr, Hf, Ta) Ultra High Temperature Ceramics (UHTCs). Specifically, Zr, Hf or Ta, B4C, Si, and graphite reactants are first converted to the desired composites by SHS. For the case of the low-exothermic Ta-based compositions, a preliminary 20 min ball milling treatment of the starting reactants is required to activate the corresponding synthesis reactions. When the resulting powders are then subjected to consolidation by SPS, it is found that products with relative densities greater than 96% can be obtained for all systems investigated within 30 min of total processing time, when setting the dwell temperature to 1800 °C and the mechanical pressure to 20 MPa. Hardness, fracture toughness, and oxidation resistance characteristics of the resulting dense UHTCs are comparable to, or superior than, those relative to similar products synthesized by alternative, less rapid, processing routes. Moreover, it is found that the ternary composites display relatively low resistance to oxidation as a consequence of the lower SiC content in the composite, in comparison with the binary systems, as well as to the presence of transition metal carbides. Indeed, although the latter ones are potentially able to increase mechanical and resistance to ablation properties, they tend to oxidize rapidly to form MO2 and COx, so that the resulting porosity make the material bulk more sensitive to oxidation.References
1. Fahrenholtz, W.G., Hilmas, G.E., Talmy, I.G., Zaykoski, J.A., Refractory diborides of Zirconium and Hafnium, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 90: 1347-1364 (2007).
2. Levine, S.R., Opila, E.J., Halbig, M.C., Kiser, J.D., Singh, M., Salem, J.A., Evaluation of ultra-high temperature ceramics for aeropropulsion use, J. Europ. Ceram. Soc. 22: 2757-2767 (2003).
3. Zhang, X., Hilmas, G.E., Fahrenholtz, W.G., Synthesis, densification, and mechanical properties of TaB2, Mater. Letters 62: 4251 4255 (2008).
4. Hinze, J.W., Tripp, W.C., Graham, H.C., The High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of HfB2+20 v/oSiC Composite, J. Electrochem. Soc. 122: 1249-1254 (1975).
5. Monteverde, F., Bellosi, A., The resistance to oxidation of an HfB2-SiC composite, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 25(7): 1025-1031 (2005).
6. Peng, F., Speyer, R.F., Oxidation resistance of fully dense ZrB2 with SiC, TaB2, and TaSi2 additives,
J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 91: 1489-1494 (2008).
7. Musa, C., Orrù, R., Sciti, D., Silvestroni, L., Cao, G., Synthesis, consolidation and characterization of monolithic and SiC whiskers reinforced HfB2 ceramics, J. Europ. Ceram. Soc. 33: 603-614 (2013).
8. Fahrenholtz, W.G., Hilmas, G.E., Chamberlain, A.L., Zimmermann, J.W., Fahrenholtz, B., Processing and characterization of ZrB2-based ultra-high temperature monolithic and fibrous monolithic ceramics, J. Mater. Sci. 39: 5951-5957 (2004).
9. Zhang, G.J., Deng, Z.Y., Kondo, N., Yang, J.F., Ohji, T., Reactive hot pressing of ZrB2-SiCcomposites, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 83: 2330-2332 (2000).
10. Monteverde, F., Progress in the fabrication of ultra-high-temperature ceramics: In situ synthesis, microstructure and properties of a reactive hot-pressed HfB2-SiC composite, Compos. Sci. & Technol., 65: 1869-1879 (2005).
11. Balbo, A., Sciti, D., Spark Plasma Sintering and Hot Pressing of ZrB2-MoSi2 under high temperature ceramics, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 475: 108-112 (2008).
12. Orrù, R., Licheri, R., Locci, A.M., Cincotti, A., Cao, G., Consolidation/Synthesis of Materialsby Electric Current Activated/Assisted Sintering, Mater. Sci. Eng. R, 63: 127-287 (2009).
13. Licheri, R., Orrù, R., Musa, C., Cao, G., Synthesis, densification and characterization of TaB2-SiC composites, Ceram. Intern. 36: 937-941 (2010).
14. Licheri, R., Orrù, R., Musa, C., Cao, G., Efficient technologies for the Fabrication of dense-TaB2-based Ultra High Temperature Ceramics, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2: 2206-2212 (2010).
15. Musa, C., Orrù, R., Licheri, R., Cao, G., Spark Plasma Synthesis and Densification of TaB2 by-Pulsed Electric Current Sintering, Mater. Lett. 65: 3080-3082 (2011).
16. Munir, Z.A., Anselmi-Tamburini, U., Self-propagating exothermic reactions: the synthesis of high-temperature materials by combustion, Mater. Sci. Rep. 3: 277-365 (1989).
17. Cincotti, A., Licheri, R., Locci, A.M., Orrù, R., Cao, G., A review on combustion synthesis ofnovel materials: recent experimental and modeling results, J. Chem. Technol. Biot. 78: 122-127 (2003).
18. Hirota, K., Nakane, S., Yoshinaka, M., Yamaguchi, O., Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) of Several Intermetallic Compounds Prepared by Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS), Intern. J. SHS 10: 345-358 (2001).
19. Bull, J., White, M.J., Kaufman, L., Ablation resistant Zirconium and Hafnium Ceramics, USPatent No. 5,750,450 (1998).
20. Locci, A.M., Orrù, R., Cao, G., Munir, Z.A., Simultaneous spark plasma synthesis and densification of TiC-TiB2 composites, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 89: 848-855 (2006).
21. Matthews, F.L., Rawlings, R., Composite Materials: Engineering and Science. Chapman & Hall, Great Britain (1994).
22. Barin, I., Thermochemical data of pure substances, VHC (1989).
23. Gasch, M., Ellerby, D., Irby, E., Beckman, S., Gusman, M., Johnson, S., Processing, properties and arc jet oxidation of hafnium diboride/silicon carbide ultra high temperature ceramics, J. Mater. Sci. 39: 5925-5937 (2004).
24. Wu, W.W., Zhang, G.J., Kann, Y.M., Wang, P.L., Reactive Hot Pressing of ZrB2-SiC-ZrC Ultra High-Temperature Ceramics at 1800 ºC, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 89: 2967-2969 (2006).
25. Zhang, X., Hilmas, G., Fahrenholtz, W.G., Densification, mechanical properties, and oxidation resistance of TaC-TaB2 ceramics, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 91: 4129-4132 (2008).
26. Mishra S.K., Das, S., Pathak, L.C., Defect structures in zirconium diboride powder prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 364: 249-255 (2004).
2. Levine, S.R., Opila, E.J., Halbig, M.C., Kiser, J.D., Singh, M., Salem, J.A., Evaluation of ultra-high temperature ceramics for aeropropulsion use, J. Europ. Ceram. Soc. 22: 2757-2767 (2003).
3. Zhang, X., Hilmas, G.E., Fahrenholtz, W.G., Synthesis, densification, and mechanical properties of TaB2, Mater. Letters 62: 4251 4255 (2008).
4. Hinze, J.W., Tripp, W.C., Graham, H.C., The High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of HfB2+20 v/oSiC Composite, J. Electrochem. Soc. 122: 1249-1254 (1975).
5. Monteverde, F., Bellosi, A., The resistance to oxidation of an HfB2-SiC composite, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 25(7): 1025-1031 (2005).
6. Peng, F., Speyer, R.F., Oxidation resistance of fully dense ZrB2 with SiC, TaB2, and TaSi2 additives,
J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 91: 1489-1494 (2008).
7. Musa, C., Orrù, R., Sciti, D., Silvestroni, L., Cao, G., Synthesis, consolidation and characterization of monolithic and SiC whiskers reinforced HfB2 ceramics, J. Europ. Ceram. Soc. 33: 603-614 (2013).
8. Fahrenholtz, W.G., Hilmas, G.E., Chamberlain, A.L., Zimmermann, J.W., Fahrenholtz, B., Processing and characterization of ZrB2-based ultra-high temperature monolithic and fibrous monolithic ceramics, J. Mater. Sci. 39: 5951-5957 (2004).
9. Zhang, G.J., Deng, Z.Y., Kondo, N., Yang, J.F., Ohji, T., Reactive hot pressing of ZrB2-SiCcomposites, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 83: 2330-2332 (2000).
10. Monteverde, F., Progress in the fabrication of ultra-high-temperature ceramics: In situ synthesis, microstructure and properties of a reactive hot-pressed HfB2-SiC composite, Compos. Sci. & Technol., 65: 1869-1879 (2005).
11. Balbo, A., Sciti, D., Spark Plasma Sintering and Hot Pressing of ZrB2-MoSi2 under high temperature ceramics, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 475: 108-112 (2008).
12. Orrù, R., Licheri, R., Locci, A.M., Cincotti, A., Cao, G., Consolidation/Synthesis of Materialsby Electric Current Activated/Assisted Sintering, Mater. Sci. Eng. R, 63: 127-287 (2009).
13. Licheri, R., Orrù, R., Musa, C., Cao, G., Synthesis, densification and characterization of TaB2-SiC composites, Ceram. Intern. 36: 937-941 (2010).
14. Licheri, R., Orrù, R., Musa, C., Cao, G., Efficient technologies for the Fabrication of dense-TaB2-based Ultra High Temperature Ceramics, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2: 2206-2212 (2010).
15. Musa, C., Orrù, R., Licheri, R., Cao, G., Spark Plasma Synthesis and Densification of TaB2 by-Pulsed Electric Current Sintering, Mater. Lett. 65: 3080-3082 (2011).
16. Munir, Z.A., Anselmi-Tamburini, U., Self-propagating exothermic reactions: the synthesis of high-temperature materials by combustion, Mater. Sci. Rep. 3: 277-365 (1989).
17. Cincotti, A., Licheri, R., Locci, A.M., Orrù, R., Cao, G., A review on combustion synthesis ofnovel materials: recent experimental and modeling results, J. Chem. Technol. Biot. 78: 122-127 (2003).
18. Hirota, K., Nakane, S., Yoshinaka, M., Yamaguchi, O., Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) of Several Intermetallic Compounds Prepared by Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS), Intern. J. SHS 10: 345-358 (2001).
19. Bull, J., White, M.J., Kaufman, L., Ablation resistant Zirconium and Hafnium Ceramics, USPatent No. 5,750,450 (1998).
20. Locci, A.M., Orrù, R., Cao, G., Munir, Z.A., Simultaneous spark plasma synthesis and densification of TiC-TiB2 composites, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 89: 848-855 (2006).
21. Matthews, F.L., Rawlings, R., Composite Materials: Engineering and Science. Chapman & Hall, Great Britain (1994).
22. Barin, I., Thermochemical data of pure substances, VHC (1989).
23. Gasch, M., Ellerby, D., Irby, E., Beckman, S., Gusman, M., Johnson, S., Processing, properties and arc jet oxidation of hafnium diboride/silicon carbide ultra high temperature ceramics, J. Mater. Sci. 39: 5925-5937 (2004).
24. Wu, W.W., Zhang, G.J., Kann, Y.M., Wang, P.L., Reactive Hot Pressing of ZrB2-SiC-ZrC Ultra High-Temperature Ceramics at 1800 ºC, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 89: 2967-2969 (2006).
25. Zhang, X., Hilmas, G., Fahrenholtz, W.G., Densification, mechanical properties, and oxidation resistance of TaC-TaB2 ceramics, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 91: 4129-4132 (2008).
26. Mishra S.K., Das, S., Pathak, L.C., Defect structures in zirconium diboride powder prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 364: 249-255 (2004).
Downloads
Published
2013-05-20
How to Cite
Musa, C., Licheri, R., Orrù, R., & Cao, G. (2013). Fabrication of Fully Dense UHTC by Combining SHS and SPS. Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal, 15(2), 117–126. https://doi.org/10.18321/ectj149
Issue
Section
Articles
License
You are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal applies a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to articles and other works we publish.
Subject to the acceptance of the Article for publication in the Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal, the Author(s) agrees to grant Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal permission to publish the unpublished and original Article and all associated supplemental material under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0).
Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.
