Temperature Dependent Characteristics of Activated Carbons from Walnut Shells for Improved Supercapacitor Performance

V. V. Pavlenko; Q. Abbas; P. Przygocki; T. Kon’kova; Zh. Supiyeva; N. Abeykoon; N. Prikhodko; M. Bijsenbayev; A. Kurbatov; B.T. Lesbayev; Z. A. Mansurov

doi:10.18321/ectj695

Authors

V. V. Pavlenko Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 al-Farabi Ave., 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan; Institute of Combustion Problems, Bogenbay Batyr str. 172, 050012 Almaty, Kazakhstan
Q. Abbas Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
P. Przygocki Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
T. Kon’kova D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
Zh. Supiyeva Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 al-Farabi Ave., 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
N. Abeykoon University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, 75080-3021 Richardson, USA
N. Prikhodko Institute of Combustion Problems, Bogenbay Batyr str. 172, 050012 Almaty, Kazakhstan; Almaty University of Energetics and Communications, 126, Baytursinova St., 050013, Almaty, Kazakhstan
M. Bijsenbayev Institute of Combustion Problems, Bogenbay Batyr str. 172, 050012 Almaty, Kazakhstan
A. Kurbatov Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 al-Farabi Ave., 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
B.T. Lesbayev Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 al-Farabi Ave., 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan; Institute of Combustion Problems, Bogenbay Batyr str. 172, 050012 Almaty, Kazakhstan
Z. A. Mansurov Institute of Combustion Problems, Bogenbay Batyr str. 172, 050012 Almaty, Kazakhstan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18321/ectj695

Keywords:

activated carbon, walnut shells, phosphoric acid activation, thermal post-treatment, electrochemical capacitor

Abstract

Activated carbons (ACs) have been prepared from chemical treatment of walnut shells (WS) precursor at various temperatures (400‒800 °C) by using phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) as activating agent. Influence of activation temperature on the porosity development and capacitive properties of resulting carbons was investigated. Thermal post-treatment of carbons previously activated at moderate temperature, e.g. 400 °C allowed further structural and porosity modification. Then, these carbons were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy, electrochemical techniques and low temperature nitrogen adsorption exhibiting high BET specific surface area of approximately 2100 m² g^-1 and a total pore volume up to 1.3 cm³ g^-1. Carbon material obtained through activation by H₃PO₄ at 400 °C and post-treated at 800 °C was used to make electrodes which were implemented to realize AC/AC capacitor using 1 mol L^-1 Li₂SO₄. The electrochemical capacitor demonstrated high capacitance of 123 F g^-1 per mass of one electrode, reduced cell resistance and stable capacitance for 5000 galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles at 1.0 A g^-1.

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