Effect of Acid Treatment on the Functionalization of Surface,  Structural and Textural Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Taunit

Z.R. Ismagilov; S.A. Yashnik; N.V. Shikina; E.V. Matus; O.S. Efimova; A.N. Popova; A.P. Nikitin

doi:10.18321/ectj886

Authors

Z.R. Ismagilov Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Institute of Coal Chemistry
S.A. Yashnik Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Institute of Coal Chemistry and Material Science SB RAS, 18 Sovetskiy pr., Kemerovo, 650000, Russia
N.V. Shikina Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Institute of Coal Chemistry and Material Science SB RAS, 18 Sovetskiy pr., Kemerovo, 650000, Russia
E.V. Matus Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Institute of Coal Chemistry and Material Science SB RAS, 18 Sovetskiy pr., Kemerovo, 650000, Russia
O.S. Efimova Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Institute of Coal Chemistry and Material Science SB RAS, 18 Sovetskiy pr., Kemerovo, 650000, Russia
A.N. Popova Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Institute of Coal Chemistry and Material Science SB RAS, 18 Sovetskiy pr., Kemerovo, 650000, Russia
A.P. Nikitin Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Institute of Coal Chemistry and Material Science SB RAS, 18 Sovetskiy pr., Kemerovo, 650000, Russia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18321/ectj886

Keywords:

carbon nanotubes, surface oxidation, oxygen-bearing groups, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy

Abstract

The role of acid treatment of Taunit carbon nanotubes in the formation of oxygen-containing functional groups on its surface as well as morphological and textural properties was studied. Acid treatment was carried out in an HNO₃ solution or its mixture with H₂SO₄ under mild conditions (85°C/1 h) with subsequent washing with distilled water or without washing. Properties of the initial and oxidized samples were investigated using elemental carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen (CHNO) analysis, BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) determination of surface area, X-ray diffraction, Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy, and hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction. Treatment with HNO₃ and HNO₃/H₂SO₄ mixture was shown to be efficient for the formation of various oxygen-containing groups on the Taunit surface; therewith, the water washing step also contributed to functionalization of the surface. Depending on the oxidant, acid treatment increased graphite and oxygen content in the samples by a factor of 3‒4.5. Treatment with HNO₃ without water washing exerted a weak effect on the graphite structure ordering, the concentration of aliphatic groups was high as compared to other oxidation conditions. Treatment of Taunit with the HNO₃/H₂SO₄ mixture, on the contrary, increased the number of defects in graphite layers and decreased the concentration of aliphatic structures.

References

(1). X. Zhao, H. Chen, F. Kong, Y. Zhang, S. Wang, S. Liu, L.A. Lucia, P. Fatehi, H. Pang, Chem. Eng. J. 364 (2019) 226–243. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.01.159

(2). M.T.H. Siddiqui, S. Nizamuddin, H.A. Baloch, N.M. Mubarak, M. Al-Ali, S.A. Mazari, A.W. Bhutto, R. Abro, M. Srinivasan, G. Griffin, J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 7 (2019) 1028122. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.102812

(3). F. Barroso-Bujans, R. Verdejo, M. Pérez- Cabero, S. Agouram, I. Rodríguez-Ramos, A. Guerrero-Ruiz, M.A. López-Manchado, Eur. Polym. J. 45 (2009) 1017–1023. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.12.029

(4). A. Alonso-Lomillo, O. Rüdiger, A. Maroto- Valiente, M. Velez, I. Rodríguez-Ramos, F.J. Muñoz, V.M. Fernández, A.L. De Lacey, Nano Lett. 7 (2007) 1603–1608. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/nl070519u

(5). L.B. Avdeeva, T.V. Reshetenko, Z.R. Ismagilov, V.A. Likholobov, Appl. Catal. A. 228 (2002) 53‒63. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-860X(01)00959-0

(6). T.V. Reshetenko, L.B. Avdeeva, Z.R. Ismagilov, A.L. Chuvilin, V.A. Ushakov, Appl. Catal. A. 247 (2003) 51‒63. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-860X(03)00080-2

(7). O.Yu. Podyacheva, Z.R. Ismagilov, A.E. Shalagina, V.A. Ushakov, A.N. Shmakov, S.V. Tsybulya, V.V. Kriventsov, A.V. Ischenko, Carbon 48 (2010) 2792‒2801. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2010.04.008

(8). O.Yu. Podyacheva, A.N. Schmakov, Z.R. Ismagilov, Carbon 52 (2013) 486‒492. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2012.09.061

(9). V.V. Chesnokov, O.Y. Podyacheva, A.N. Shmakov, L.S. Kibis, A.I. Boronin, Z.R. Ismagilov, Chinese J. Catal. 37 (2016) 169‒176. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2067(15)60982-2

(10). S. Iijima, Nature 354 (1991) 56‒58. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/354056a0

(11). K.P. De Jong, J.W. Geus, Catal. Rev. 42 (2000) 481–510. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1081/CR-100101954

(12). P. Serp, M. Corrias, P. Kalck, Appl. Catal. A Gen. 253 (2003) 337–358. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-860X(03)00549-0

(13). E. Antolini, Appl. Catal. B Environ. 88 (2009) 1–24. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2008.09.030

(14). J.H. Bitter, J. Mater. Chem. 20 (2010) 7312– 7321. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c0jm00492h

(15). J. Shariati, A. Haghtalab, A. Mosayebi, J. Energy Chem. 28 (2019) 9–22. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2017.10.001

(16). T.G. Ros, A.J. van Dillen, J.W. Geus, D.C. Koningsberger, Chem.– Eur. J. 8 (2002) 1151–1162. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3765(20020301)8:5<1151::AID-CHEM1151>3.0.CO;2-#

(17). J.H. Bitter, M.K. van der Lee, A.G.T. Slotboom, A.J. van Dillen, K.P. de Jong, Catal. Lett. 89 (2003) 139–142. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024744131630

(18). M.L. Toebes, J.M.P. van Heeswijk, J.H. Bitter, A.J. van Dillen, K.P. de Jong, Carbon 42 (2004) 307–315. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2003.10.036

(19). A.B. Dongil, B. Bachiller-Baeza, A. Guerrero- Ruiz, I. Rodríguez-Ramos, A. Martínez-Alonso, J.M.D. Tascón, J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 355 (2011) 179–189. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2010.11.066

(20). C.M. Yoon, D. Long, S.M. Jang, W. Qiao, L. Ling, J. Miyawaki, C.K. Rhee, I. Mochida, S.H. Yoon, Carbon 49 (2011) 96–105. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2010.08.047

(21). K.L. Klein, A.V. Melechko, T.E. McKnight, S.T. Retterer, P.D. Rack, J.D. Fowlkes, D.C. Joy, M.L. Simpson, J. Appl. Phys. 103 (2008) 061301. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2840049

(22). Y. Sato, K. Shibata, H. Kataoka, S. Ogino, F. Bunshi, A. Yokoyama, K. Tamura, T. Akasaka, M. Uo, K. Motomiya, B. Jeyadevan, R. Hatakeyama, F. Watari, K. Tohji, Mol. Biosyst. 1 (2005) 142‒145. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/b501222h

(23). S. Lim, S.H. Yoon, I. Mochida, J.H. Chi, J. Phys. Chem. B 108 (2004) 1533‒1536. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jp036819r

(24). H. Darmstadt, L. Summchen, J-M Ting, U. Roland, S. Kaliaguine, C. Roy, Carbon 35 (1997) 1581‒1585. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(97)00116-4

(25). B.J. Taft, A.D. Lazareck, G.D. Withey, A.J. Yin, J.M. Xu, S.O. Kelley, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 (2004) 12750‒12751. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ja045543d

(26). P.G. He, L.M. Dai, Chem. Commun. 3 (2004) 348‒349. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/B313030B

(27). K.M. Metz, K.Y. Tse, S.E. Baker, E.C. Landis, R.J. Hamers, Chem. Mater. 18 (2006) 5398‒5400. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/cm061563y

(28). K. Wang, H.A. Fishman, H.J. Dai, J.S. Harris, Nano Lett. 6 (2006) 2043‒2048. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/nl061241t

(29). S.Yu. Gorski, T.P. Dyachkova, E.A. Burakova. St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Journal of Engineering Science and Technology [Nauch¬no-tehnicheskie vedomosti Sankt-Peterburgsko¬go gosudarstvennogo politehnicheskogo univer¬siteta] 1 (2014) 108‒112. (in Russian).

(30). T.P. Dyachkova, Yu.A. Khan, N.V. Orlova, S.V. Kondrashov, Bulletin of Tambovsky State Technical University [Vestnik Tambovskogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta] 22 (2016) 323‒333 (in Russian). Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.17277/vestnik.2016.02.pp.323-333

(31). T.P. Dyachkova. Phisiko-khimicheskie osnovy funktsializatsii I modifitsirovaniya uglerodnykh nanomaterialov. Dokt, Diss. [Physico-chemical bases of functionalization and modification of carbon nanomaterials. Doct. Thes.]. Tambov, 2016. 404 p. (in Russian).

(32). Z. Ismagilov, S. Yashnik, M. Kerzhentsev, V. Parmon, A. Bourane, F.M. Al-Shahrani, A.A. Hajji, O.R. Koseoglu, Catal. Rev. 53 (2011) 199‒255. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01614940.2011.596426

(33). G.X. Yu, S.X. Lu, H. Chen, Z.N. Zhu, Carbon 43 (2005) 2285‒2294. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2005.04.008

(34). X.L. Zhou, Q. Tan, G.X. Yu, L.F. Chen, J.A. Wang, O. Novaro, Kinet. Catal. 50 (2009) 543‒549. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0023158409040119

(35). K.G. Haw, W.A.W.A. Bakar, R. Ali, J.F. Chong, A.A.A. Kadir, Fuel Proc. Tech. 91 (2010) 1105–1112. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.03.021

(36). J. Xiao, L. Wu, Y. Wu, B. Liu, L. Dai, Z. Li, Q. Xia, H. Xi, Appl. Energy 113 (2014) 78‒85. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.06.047

(37). M.T. Timko, J.A. Wang, J. Burgess, P. Kracke, L. Gonzalez, C. Jaye, D.A. Fischer, Fuel 163 (2016) 223‒231. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.09.075

(38). W. Zhang, H. Zhang, J. Xiao, Z. Zhao, M. Yu, Z. Li, Green Chem. 16 (2014) 211‒220. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C3GC41106K

(39). Q. Gu, G. Wen, Y. Ding, K.H. Wu, C. Chen, D. Su, Green Chem. 19 (2017) 1175‒1181. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C6GC02894B

(40). S.C. Tsang, Y.K. Chen, P.J.F. Harris, M.L.H. Green, Nature 372 (1994) 159‒162. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/372159a0

(41). F. Tuinstra, J.L. Koenig, J. Chem. Phys. 53 (1970) 1126‒1130. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1674108

(42). S. Costa, E. Borowiak-Palen, M. Kruszyñska, A. Bachmatiuk, R.J. Kalenczuk, Mater. Sci.- Poland 26 (2008) 433‒441.

(43). O.S. Timofeev, N.G. Chechenin. Proceedings of the XII Interuniversity scientific school of young specialists “Concentrated energy flows in space technology, electronics, ecology and medicine”. Moscow 21-22 November 2011, p. 118–123 (in Russian).

(44). G. Socrates. Infrared and Raman Characteristic Group Frequencies. Tables and Charts. Third Edition. John Wiley& Sons Ltd. 2001.

(45). Z.R. Ismagilov, A.E. Shalagina, O.Yu. Podyacheva, A.V. Ischenko, L.S. Kibis, A.I. Boronin, Y.A. Chesalov, D.I. Kochubey, A.I. Romanenko, O.B. Anikeeva, T.I. Buryakov, E.N. Tkachev, Carbon 47 (2009) 1922‒1929. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2009.02.034

(46). T.G. Ros, A.J. van Dillen, J.W. Geus, D.C. Koningsberger, ChemPhysChem 3 (2002) 209‒214. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/1439-7641(20020215)3:2<209::AID-CPHC209>3.0.CO;2-S

(47). L. Stobinski, B. Lesiak, L. Kövér, J. Tóth, S. Biniak, G. Trykowski, J. Judek, J. Alloys Compd. 501 (2010) 77‒84. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.04.032

(48). S. Kundu, Y. Wang, W. Xia, M. Muhler, J. Phys. Chem. C 112 (2008) 16869–16878. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jp804413a

(49). L.C.A. Oliveira, C.N. Silva, M.I. Yoshida, R.M. Lago, Carbon 42 (2004) 2279–2284. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2004.05.003

(50). Z. Zhou, E.K. Orcutt, H.C. Anderson, K.J. Stowers, Carbon 152 (2019) 924–931. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2019.06.076

(51). J.L. Figueiredo, M.F.R. Pereira, M.M.A. Freitas, J.J.M. Orfao, Carbon 37 (1999) 1379–1389. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(98)00333-9

(52). I. Graca, L.V. Gonzalez, M.C. Bacariza, A. Fernandes, C. Henriques, J.M. Lopes, M.F. Ribeiro, Appl. Catal. B 147 (2014) 101–110. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.08.010

(53). H. Zhao, C. Xu, T. Wang, Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy 13 (2019) 100150. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2019.100150